Translation of findings to in vitro VIC function.

Male and female VICs were cultured for 5 days in serum-free media and evaluated for (A) proliferation, using the Click-iT EdU Alexa Fluor 488 Imaging Assay, and (B) apoptosis, using the Promega Caspase-Glo 3/7 Assay System. Values are means plus standard deviation, n = 4 per condition. *P<0.05 compared to male VICs.