Smooth cross-sectional associations between adiposity markers and intraocular pressure at baseline, by sex.

Curves represent average cross-sectional differences in baseline intraocular pressure (solid lines) and their 95% confidence intervals (dashed lines) based on restricted quadratic splines for baseline adiposity marker levels with knots at the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles. The reference value was set at the 10th percentile of each baseline adiposity marker. Results were obtained from linear mixed models with interactions between spline terms and sex, random variations in baseline intraocular pressure levels across participants and between eyes within participants, and adjusted for study center (Seoul or Suwon), height (continuous), and baseline levels of age (continuous), intraocular pressure measurement time (morning or afternoon), smoking status (never, former, or current), alcohol drinking (< 1, 1–3, or > 3 days/week), physical activity (none, 1–3, or > 3 times/week), heart rate (continuous), hypertension (yes or no), and diabetes (yes or no).