ROS generation in U937 cells upon treatment with pLLD (150 μg/ml).

Flow cytometric analysis of ROS by DCFDA showed the degrees of scavenging effect in time dependent manner (A). Evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1 showed time dependent changes (B). Assessment of activation of caspases 9 and 3 with inhibitors and of DNA fragmentation by pLLD was done in a time dependent analysis by ELISA (C, D, E and F, respectively). Expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules was assessed by western blot (G). Analysis of cytochrome C activation upon pLLD treatment was performed by confocal microscopy (H). The data are reported as the mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments (*P>0.05; ** P>0.01; *** P>0.001).