Partitioning of variation in dung beetle communities at three spatial scales using redundancy analysis on composition, abundance and biomass.

E: environmental model, S: spatial model, constructed from MEM variables, E | S: environmental model without spatial patterns within each spatial scale, S | E: spatial model without environmental patterns within each spatial scale, R²_adj: data variation explained by the model (values are in percentage), DF: degrees of freedom of model. Significant models are in bold.

Environmental model constructed from the altitude variable; ^bSpatial model constructed from the MEM1 and MEM2 variables; ^cSpatial model constructed from the MEM4, MEM9, MEM5, MEM3, and MEM1 variables; ^dSpatial model constructed from all MEM variables; ^eEnvironmental model constructed from the altitude, green cover and land slope variables; ^fSpatial model constructed from the MEM1 variable; ^gSpatial model constructed from the MEM4, MEM9, MEM3, MEM7, MEM1, MEM2, and MEM5 variables; ^hconstructed from the MEM4, MEM3, MEM2, MEM5, MEM7, and MEM1 variables.

Partitioning of variation in dung beetle communities at three spatial scales using redundancy analysis on composition, abundance and biomass.