NARP augmented mitochondrial dysfunction upon H/RO.

(A) NARP and longer reoxygenation durations augmented H/RO (H: 6 h; RO: 1-4 h)-induced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization. (B) After H/RO with longer reoxygenation duration, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) formation increased in both 143B cells and NARP cybrids. NARP augmented mROS formation. (C) After H/RO with longer reoxygenation duration, mitochondrial nitric oxide (mNO) formation increased in both 143B cells and NARP cybrids. NARP augmented the effect of H/RO on mNO formation. (D) Longer reoxygenation durations and NARP augmented cardiolipin depletion. (E) NARP augmented the effect of H/RO on mCa²⁺ accumulation. (A′-E′) Quantitative analyses of A-E. Mitochondrial compromised is indicated (#). P-value representing statistically significant differences between NARP cybrids and 143B cells (P<0.05) is indicated (*). n=6.