Illustration of the multimodal functional network connectivity.

Functional networks (or Independent components) are identified using ICA from EEG and fMRI signal respectively. The time courses of EEG and fMRI networks are entered into Granger causality analysis to explore the interactions between networks, while their corresponding spatial patterns are matched by NESOI to combine EEG-FNC and fMRI-FNC into an mFNC. This yields a holistic expression of the interactive relationship between brain networks.