Average (±SE) hourly step lengths and distances to the nearest residential houses of four GPS-collared leopards outside protected areas in the states of Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, India.

The “standardised distances to houses” is the difference between observed distances between leopard locations and houses and the expected distances to houses if GPS locations were randomly distributed within the leopard home ranges. The latter variable attains positive values if GPS locations are further away from houses than expected from a random distribution (i.e. avoidance of houses), and negative values if locations were closer than expected (i.e. “attraction”).

Average (±SE) hourly step lengths and distances to the nearest residential houses of four GPS-collared leopards outside protected areas in the states of Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, India.