Anatabine reduces the amount of phosphorylated STAT3 immunopositive cells in the hippocampus and cortex of Tg PS1/APPswe mice.

A) Representative 40X microscopic fields revealing the presence of phospho-STAT3 immunopositive cells around Congo red stained β-amyloid deposits in the hippocampus and cortex of wild-type mice and Tg PS1/APPswe receiving regular drinking water (placebo), and Tg PS1/APPswe mice receiving anatabine at a dosage of 10 and 20 mg/Kg/Day in their drinking water are shown. Data is presented as mean±SEM. B) The histogram represents the average amount of phospho-STAT3 burden (expressed as a percentage of the brain area examined) quantified in the hippocampus and the cortex of Tg PS1/APPswe mice receiving the regular drinking water (placebo) or anatabine at a dosage of 10 and 20 mg/Kg/Day. ANOVA shows a statistically significant main effect of the anatabine treatment on phospho-STAT3 burden associated with Aβ deposits (P<0.001). Post-hoc analyses reveal statistically significant differences in phospho-STAT3 burden in the hippocampus associated with β-amyloid burden (P<0.045 and P<0.017) and cortex (P<0.001 and P<0.001) between Tg PS1/APPswe placebo and anatabine treated 10 and 20 mg/Kg/Day Tg PS1/APPswe mice. (No immunoreactivity for phospho-STAT3 was observed in the hippocampus and the cortex of wild-type mice).