Understanding the compositional changes in LB Lennox medium during growth of Escherichia coli DH5α in a 1L bioreactor

Compositional changes in growth medium represents dynamic interplay between cell growth, biomass formation, and energy maintenance, with concomitant decrease in nutrients and increase in secreted metabolites and metabolic byproducts. Such information is important for quantifying microbial physiological response both at the macroscopic and cellular level, with respect to understanding subtle differences in microbe growth response, as well as supporting model building efforts in metabolic engineering. With the desire to understanding molecular weight changes in components of LB Lennox medium as well as broth fractions present during cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868) at 37 ^oC, 400 rpm stirring and 1 VVM aeration in a 1 L bioreactor, this study used a combination of gel filtration chromatography (GFC) and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for determining changes to molecular weight of different fractions of the growth medium. Experiment results revealed the difficulty of fractionating the culture broth with RP-HPLC, where no distinct peaks of narrow retention time width were obtained. More importantly, the column used for GFC was unable to differentiate small molecular weight changes on the order of a few tens to few hundred Da through a refractive index detector. Together, GFC and RP-HPLC highlighted the difficulty of fractionating LB Lennox culture broth into different distinct fractions. Finally, the study validated the use of 194 nm as detection wavelength for visualizing the chromatogram of LB Lennox medium eluted from a C-18 reversed phase column during liquid chromatography. Collectively, GFC and RP-HPLC could not fractionate LB Lennox broth of E. coli DH5α into distinct fractions for further analysis by identification techniques such as mass spectrometry. Given the inherent complexity of complex medium such as LB Lennox, clean separation of the medium into every component with high purity may be impossible.