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Sustainable Value Recovery of NdFeB Magnets: A Multi-Objective Network Design and Genetic Algorithm
journal contribution
posted on 2018-02-26, 00:00 authored by Hongyue Jin, Byung Duk Song, Yuehwern Yih, John W. SutherlandNeodymium–iron–boron
(NdFeB) magnets are widely used
in clean energy applications such as wind turbines and electric vehicles
whose demand is escalating. However, rare earth elements (REEs) for
manufacturing NdFeB magnets are subject to significant supply uncertainty
due to Chinese near-monopolistic supply. To mitigate the risk, companies
are actively pursuing value recovery from end-of-life magnets. However,
the questions of how to collect used magnets and smoothly transfer
them through the reverse supply chain require further investigation.
To address this challenge, this paper designs an efficient NdFeB magnet
recovery infrastructure by identifying the optimal processing facility
locations and defining the capacities and transportation flows that
maximize the economic and environmental benefits and social support
for the new business. Mathematical model and a multi-objective network design genetic algorithm (MONDGA) were designed to calculate solutions. When compared
with the exact solutions implemented by CPLEX (an optimization package),
MONDGA provided (near) optimal solutions with significantly improved
computation efficiencies. As the real world model application required
a large-scale optimization, MONDGA was superior to CPLEX, which failed
to provide any solution. The results confirmed that our proposed model
and algorithm offer a promising strategy for the NdFeB magnet recycling
industry to enhance the economic and environmental sustainability
and maximize social support.
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Keywords
supply chainNdFeB magnet recycling industryvalue recoveryMONDGAbjective n etworksolutionworld model applicationSustainable Value Recoverysupply uncertaintyMathematical modeltransportation flowsearth elementsMulti-Objective Network Designwind turbinesCPLEXREEm ultiChinese near-monopolistic supplyNdFeB magnet recovery infrastructurealgorithm offermanufacturing NdFeB magnetsenergy applicationsNdFeB Magnetscomputation efficienciesesign g eneticprocessing facility locationspaper designsend-of-life magnets
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