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Stabilization of Colloidal Ti, Zr, and Hf Oxide Nanocrystals by Protonated Tri‑n‑octylphosphine Oxide (TOPO) and Its Decomposition Products
journal contribution
posted on 2017-11-17, 20:13 authored by Katrien De Keukeleere, Sofie Coucke, Els De Canck, Pascal Van Der Voort, Fabien Delpech, Yannick Coppel, Zeger Hens, Isabel Van Driessche, Jonathan S. Owen, Jonathan De RooAlthough
TiO2, ZrO2, and HfO2 nanocrystals
are often synthesized in tri-n-octylphosphine oxide
(TOPO), it is unclear whether TOPO also serves as ligand. Using liquid
and solid state 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, we show
that the nanocrystal surface is capped by several derivatives of TOPO.
In the 31P NMR spectrum, di-n-octylphosphinate
(δ = 57 ppm) and P,P′-(di-n-octyl) pyrophosphonate (δ = 20 ppm) are found coordinated
to the nanocrystal. In addition, hydrogen chloride associates with
the metal oxide nanocrystal surface and protonates TOPO. The resulting
hydroxyl-tri-n-octylphosphonium, [HO-PR3]+, is tightly associated with the nanocrystal surface
(δ(31P) = 73 ppm) due to electrostatic interactions
and hydrogen bonding. To simplify the complex surface composition,
we exchange the original surface species for carboxylate or phosphonate
ligands. The protonation of TOPO is an unexpected example of lyophilic
ion pairing between an acidic metal oxide nanocrystal and a weakly
basic ligand molecule that is formed in nonpolar solution. Our results
contrast with the classically envisaged L-type binding motif of TOPO
to surface metal ions. The generality of this stabilization mode and
its relevance to catalysis is discussed.
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Keywords
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopysurface metal ionsoctylphosphine oxideHf Oxide Nanocrystalsnonpolar solutionnanocrystal surfacehydrogen chloride associatesL-type binding motifacidic metal oxide nanocrystalDecomposition Productsligand moleculeHfO 2 nanocrystalsstate 1 Hresults contrastlyophilic ion pairingresonance spectroscopystabilization modesurface compositionprotonates TOPOmetal oxide nanocrystal surfaceColloidal Tisurface species73 ppmZrO 2TiO 231 PHO-PR 3phosphonate ligands20 ppm31 P NMR spectrum57 ppm
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