Scene manipulations may eliminate top-down effects and/or produce bottom-up effects.

Natural scenes were highpass/lowpass filtered (A-B), warped a bit or a lot (D-E), and converted to cut-out or line versions (G-H). C,F,I are plotted to the conventions adopted in Fig 2F and 2G; insets plot top-down effects for specific comparisons. Data for this figure is available from S2 Data.