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Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 (PCS3)

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posted on 2017-06-28, 08:22 authored by Sheldon CohenSheldon Cohen, Margaretha L. Casselbrant, William J. Doyle, Ha-Sheng Li-Korotky, Anna L. Marsland, Bruce S. Rabin, Ronald B. Turner
Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 (PCS3) was a prospective viral challenge study with data collected from 2007-2011 among healthy volunteers ages 18-55 (mean 30.1; SD 10.9). This study extended work on the role of childhood environment in common cold susceptibility by including additional retrospective measures of childhood and adolescent experience, such as parental social participation, parental bonding, family structure and relationships, neighborhood physical and social environments, and childhood physical health.  Numerous other social, psychological and behavioral measures were administered during the pre-challenge baseline period as well, including assessments of current social relationships, personal attributes, stressful life events, personality characteristics, and health practices.  PCS3 also included detailed daily interviews (14 days) with participants to assess health behaviors, mood, and daily social interactions.  One of the novel features of PCS3 is that it introduced several additional biological assessments prior to viral challenge, including markers of biological aging (e.g., telomere length in lymphocytes, oxidative stress), cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute laboratory stress, and cytokine and glucocorticoid and adrenergic receptor genotypes.  Post-challenge measures, in addition to standard virology, included local (nasal secretions) cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-α, and TNF-α). 

Participants were 123 men and 90 women from the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania metropolitan area who responded to newspaper advertisements and were judged to be in good health after a medical examination. Prior to enrollment, volunteers completed a telephone screening interview followed by an in-person physical health evaluation conducted by a study physician. To maximize the rate of infection, only eligible volunteers with viral-specific antibody titers ≤4 were included in the study (see Human Subjects for information on additional inclusion and exclusion criteria). After completing baseline psychosocial questionnaires and biological assessments (e.g., biological aging markers, saliva cortisol), participants were administered nasal drops containing rhinovirus 39 (RV39). They were then followed in quarantine for 5 days and monitored for development of infection and objective signs of illness (see viral challenge timeline below). Approximately 28 days after virus exposure, blood was collected for serological testing. Participants were considered to have a cold if they were both infected with the challenge virus and met illness criteria. All individuals who completed the study received $1,000 for their participation, plus an additional $60 if they provided hair samples for cortisol analysis.

Funding

PCS3 received primary funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID R01 AI066367, Social and Psychological Risk for Infectious Illness) and secondary funding from a National Institutes of Health grant awarded to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center General Clinical Research Center (NIH UL1 RR024153 and UL1 TR000005). PCS3 also received supplemental funding from the following sources: Pennsylvania Department of Health (through a Commonwealth Enhancement Grant), 08-01-2; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), RC1AT005799 (Challenge Grant); and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Socioeconomic Status & Health. These data are being made available as part of the Common Cold Project, a data aggregation project supported by a grant from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH R01 AT006694-01, Social Ties and Health: Aggregating Data from Five Viral-Challenge Trials)

History

Date

2015-02-01

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