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Oligosaccharide and Peptidoglycan of Ganoderma lucidum Activate the Immune Response in Human Mononuclear Cells
journal contribution
posted on 2012-03-21, 00:00 authored by Chia-Che Tsai, Feng-Ling Yang, Zih-You Huang, Chien-Sheng Chen, Yu-Liang Yang, Kuo-Feng Hua, Jianjun Li, Shui-Tein Chen, Shih-Hsiung WuThe acid-hydrolyzed fragments of Ganoderma
lucidum polysaccharides (GLPS) obtained by Smith degradation
were separated
by size-exclusion chromatography into two major water-soluble fractions:
peptidoglycans (GLPS-SF1) and oligosaccharides (GLPS-SF2). Both fractions
induced CD69 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPB-MNCs),
and they displayed distinct immunomodulating properties. GLPS-SF1,
with a molecular weight of around 20 kDa, were heterogeneous peptidoglycans
composed of glucose/mannose (4:1) that exhibited biological activities
with Th1 cytokines IL-12, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in hPB-MNCs
and stimulated macrophage cytokine expression via Toll-like receptor
4 (TLR4) signaling. For GLPS-SF2, with a molecular weight of around
several kilodaltons, its sugar sequence was elucidated by mass spectrometry
(MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as [−α-1,4-Glc–(β-1,4-GlcA)3−]n. This oligosaccharide
displayed specific immune property with low monocyte induction, greatly
stimulated cell activation and proliferation of NK and T cells. This
oligosaccharide isolated from G. lucidum polysaccharides with internal glucuronic acids/glucose repeat unit
in a 3:1 ratio may be responsible for the active stimulation of NK
and T cells.