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Lower cost networks are more hierarchical and modular.

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posted on 2016-06-09, 06:42 authored by Henok Mengistu, Joost Huizinga, Jean-Baptiste Mouret, Jeff Clune

The hierarchy (left) and modularity (right) of randomly generated (i.e. non-functional) networks is shown for each cost after being normalized per cost value and then smoothed by a Gaussian kernel density estimation function. Colors indicate the probability of a network being generated at that location (heat map). Networks evolved in either the P&CC or PA treatment are overlaid as green circles or blue triangles, respectively. Circle or triangle size and the enclosed number indicate the number of networks at that coordinate (no number means 1). All evolved P&CC networks are in the high-hierarchy, low-cost region. Most evolved PA networks are in the high-cost, low-hierarchy region.

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