Highlighted gene interaction network between MG-132 and S. mansoni differentially expressed genes whose homologs in model organisms are described in the literature as being affected by the compound.

Each line represents a direct (filled line) or an indirect (dashed line) relationship between the gene products. Yellow lines highlight the interactions between compound MG-132 and the affected gene products according to the literature; blue lines indicate the interactions among the differentially expressed genes. An arrowhead indicates a change in expression, activation or localization of the gene product, and an arrow line with a broken end indicates an inhibitory relationship. Each symbol shape represents a different gene category, as indicated in the symbol shapes legend at the bottom of the figure. Gene names are given inside the symbols, and the corresponding Smp gene annotation for each S. mansoni gene is given in S2 Table. Red color indicates that the expression of the indicated gene was up-regulated, and green indicates that the expression was down-regulated in S. mansoni adult worms treated with MG-132 compared with the control. This interaction network was obtained with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool as previously described [50,51], and the analysis is further detailed in the Methods. At the top of the figure, genes belonging to the canonical pathway (CP) called “Protein Ubiquitination Pathway” are pointed with black lines.