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Halogen Bond as Controlling the Crystal Structure of 4‑Amino-3,5-Dihalogenobenzoic Acid and Its Effect on the Positional Ordering/Disordering of Acid Protons
journal contribution
posted on 2014-12-03, 00:00 authored by Kouhei Ueda, Masaharu Oguni, Tetsuo AsajiCrystal
structures and thermal behaviors of 4-amino-3,5-dihalogenobenzoic
acid (AXBA: X =
Cl and I) were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry and
differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that all the crystal
structures of AClBA and AIBA as well as ABrBA at room temperature
belong to the same space group with two crystallographically distinguishable
dimer units. The dimer was located in a highly symmetric circumstance;
for example, its CO and C–O bonds were indistinguishable
due to the presence of 2-fold rotational and mirror symmetry elements
so that two hydrogen bonds should be equivalent within each dimer.
Such symmetric dimer structures are very rare among carboxylic acid
crystals. Stabilization of such a symmetric dimer structure is attributed
probably to notably strong and angular-dependent interdimer interactions:
halogen bonds and NH···O hydrogen bonds. The strength
of the halogen bond, among different halogens, was in the order of
I > Br > Cl from the interhalogen-atomic length as compared
with its
ordinary van der Waals’ diameter. AIBA revealed no phase transition
even down to 110 K, while AClBA revealed it at around 140 K. The difference
in the thermal behaviors perhaps originates from the different strengths
of halogen bonds in the AIBA and AClBA crystals.