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Enhanced Neurite Outgrowth by Intracellular Stimulation
journal contribution
posted on 2015-08-12, 00:00 authored by Ilsoo Kim, Hye Yeong Lee, Hyungsuk Kim, Eungjang Lee, Du-Won Jeong, Ju-Jin Kim, Seung-Han Park, Yoon Ha, Jukwan Na, Youngcheol Chae, Seong Yi, Heon-Jin ChoiElectrical stimulation through direct
electrical activation has
been widely used to recover the function of neurons, primarily through
the extracellular application of thin film electrodes. However, studies
using extracellular methods show limited ability to reveal correlations
between the cells and the electrical stimulation due to interference
from external sources such as membrane capacitance and culture medium.
Here, we demonstrate long-term intracellular electrical stimulation
of undamaged pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells by utilizing a vertical
nanowire electrode array (VNEA). The VNEA was prepared by synthesizing
silicon nanowires on a Si substrate through a vapor–liquid–solid
(VLS) mechanism and then fabricating them into electrodes with semiconductor
nanodevice processing. PC-12 cells were cultured on the VNEA for 4
days with intracellular electrical stimulation and then a 2-day stabilization
period. Periodic scanning via two-photon microscopy confirmed that
the electrodes pierced the cells without inducing damage. Electrical
stimulation through the VNEA enhances cellular differentiation and
neurite outgrowth by about 50% relative to extracellular stimulation
under the same conditions. VNEA-mediated stimulation also revealed
that cellular differentiation and growth in the cultures were dependent
on the potential used to stimulate them. Intracellular stimulation
using nanowires could pave the way for controlled cellular differentiation
and outgrowth studies in living cells.
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differentiationIntracellular stimulationfilm electrodesextracellular stimulationextracellular methods showEnhanced Neurite OutgrowthPCVLSoutgrowth studiesneurite outgrowthVNEAsemiconductor nanodevice processingextracellular applicationmembrane capacitanceElectrical stimulationPeriodic scanningnanowire electrode array4 dayssynthesizing silicon nanowiresculture mediumSi substrateIntracellular StimulationElectrical stimulation
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