Effects of dietary administration of M/LCFA on mitochondria and metabolism.

(A-D) Staining of mitochondria with MitoTracker Red CM-H2XRos to show production of ROS. Scale bars represent 10 μm. n = 5. (E) Real-time qPCR analysis of genes encoding for metabolic enzymes. ΔCq values are normalized to w- (ΔΔC_q or fold regulation). (F, G) Oxygen consumption levels of wild-type and Pex19 mutant larvae (G: glutamate, M: malate, Pro: proline, Pyr: pyruvate, D: ADP, G3P: glycerol 3 phosphate). n = 4. (H) Mitochondrial β-oxidation rate under control and rescue condition. (I) Addition of 25 μM etomoxir reduces the survival rate of coconut oil–fed Pex19−/−. n = 10 in groups of 25 individuals. Genotypes are w-: w¹¹¹⁸, Pex19−/−: w; Pex19^ΔF7/Pex19^ΔF7. Error bars represent SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Significance tested with Student t test. Corresponding raw data can be found in supplemental file S1 Data. Acsl, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain; HexC, hexokinase C; IsoDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; lip3, lipase 3; M/LCFA, medium- and long-chain fatty acid; mt comp I, mitochondrial complex I; qPCR, quantitative PCR; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ROX, residual oxygen consumption; yip2, yippee-interacting protein.