Effect of Hardness of Water on Fixation and Total Wash off Percentage of Reactive Dyes When Applied to Cellulosic Fiber

Dye-house water quality is the most important parameter to be confirmed before dyeing; precisely the presence of metal
content i.e. Hardness. This research will investigate & analyses the impact of separate hardness (i.e. Calcium, Magnesium & Iron) on
particular „Turquoise‟ (C.I. Reactive Blue 21) & a „High Exhaustion‟ class (C.I. HE Red 120, C.I. HE Yellow 84) of Reactive dye on
cotton knitted-fabric. From evaluation of dyed fabric the range of metal content is sorted out where the quality starts to fluctuate as
distinctive visible & spectral change of shade & fixation rate of the dye molecules has been found. The result of the work will help for
further projection about water quality degradation in upcoming years & its effect on dyeing behavior, also the sustainability of present
dyeing process to cope with the ever degrading quality of water.