EPiC database - Sand

This material is part of the free Environmental Performance in Construction (EPiC) Database. The EPiC Database contains embodied environmental flow coefficients for 250+ construction materials using a comprehensive hybrid life cycle inventory approach.

Sand is comprised of small particles of quartz (silica), feldspar and calcium carbonate from various forms of life that have been eroded down over thousands of years. It is strong, durable, chemically inert and has excellent drainage characteristics.

It is commonly extracted through open pit mining and is available in many different grades and levels of purity. Due to the extended period of time required to create sand, it is considered a non-renewable resource.

Sand can be used as a substrate for footings, pathways, and concrete slabs. It is also used as an additive in concrete, mortar, asphalt, and various exterior finishes. It is one of the primary materials used in the production of silicon for various construction products.