DISTANCE MEASUREMENT BY ELECTRONS AND PROTONS IN PHENOMENON OF ELECTROMAGNETISM

By what means or method does any charged particle, (e.g. proton or electron) measure the distance between itself and any other charged particle? How does it always gauges the distance so precisely?

How does an electron or proton measure its own charge amount? By what means they are able to do so? Are they self-aware?

By what method it measures the charge quantity of any charged particle placed in its vicinity? How does it differentiate between the nature of that particle, whether it is negatively charged or positively charged?

And after all this data collection by any fundamental particle, it applies the needful force?

We will need to defend and justify our reasoning if we stand for or against the argument.