Catalyst-Assisted Solution–Liquid–Solid Synthesis of CdS/CuInSe₂ and CuInTe₂/CuInSe₂ Nanorod Heterostructures

Axial nanowire heterostructures composed of cadmium sulfide (CdS)/copper indium diselenide (CuInSe₂) and copper indium telluride (CuInTe₂)/copper indium diselenide (CuInSe₂) were synthesized by a solution–liquid–solid (SLS) method with the catalyzer of bismuth nanocrystals. Electron microscopy and diffraction studies show CuInTe₂ and CuInSe₂ segments growing along the [112] direction with a clear epitaxial interface between them. In CdS/CuInSe₂ nanorod heterostructures, CuInSe₂ and CdS segments grow along the [112] and [111] direction, respectively, with an obvious epitaxial interface between them. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry demonstrates the alloy-free composition modulation in two nanorod heterostructures. In CuInTe₂/CuInSe₂ nanorod heterostructures, Te and Se are localized in CuInTe₂ and CuInSe₂ segments, respectively. Cu/In/Se and Cd/S are localized in the CuInSe₂ and CdS sections of the CdS/CuInSe₂ nanorod heterostructures. This research confirms that the SLS mechanism provides a general alternate technique to prepare multicomponent axial 1D heterostructures that have been difficult to generate by using either catalyst-free solution-phase synthesis or vapor–liquid–solid growth.