AtSAP5 is involved in the expression of NPR1 and NPR1-independent genes.

(A-D) The expression level of NPR1 (A), PR1 (B), RdR1 (C), and GRXC9 (D) were analyzed by qRT-PCR in H₂O (Mock) or SA-treated WT, AtSAP5 overexpression (AtSAP5-oe-4 and AtSAP5-oe-11) and RNAi lines (AtSAP5-RNAi-3 and AtSAP5-RNAi-7). Data represent mean ± SD; n = 3 biological replicates; *, p<0.05, Student’s t-test. The dashed lines indicate the sample with significant difference compared to WT. The colored lines indicate the significant difference was analyzed between corresponding samples treated with SA or mock. Actin was used as an internal control for normalization.