Analysis of shared genetic variation that differentiates ivermectin good responder (GR) from sub-optimally responding (SOR) Onchocerca volvulus adult worms in both the Cameroon and Ghana population samples.

Genetic differentiation was measured using individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Fisher’s exact test; A) or 10-kb windows (F_ST; B). Dotted lines represent statistical cutoff applying the Bonferroni correction for SNPs and genome-wide mean F_ST + 3 standard deviations (SDs) (Cam: 0.355; Gha: 0.255) for 10-kb windows. Red dots highlight differentiation above genome-wide cutoffs that is shared by both groups. Orange dots represent additional shared differentiation at 2 SDs in the F_ST analysis (B). Manhattan plots of genome-wide F_ST describing spatial genetic differentiation between GR and SOR pools for both Cameroon (C) and Ghana (D). Each point represents F_ST calculated for a non-overlapping 10-kb window. Plots are coloured to differentiate the main genomic scaffolds from unplaced scaffolds and contigs. Dotted lines represent genome-wide mean F_ST + 3 SDs (dark grey; Cam: 0.355; Gha: 0.255) and F_ST + 5 SDs (light grey; Cam: 0.508; Gha: 0.351).