Additional file 2: Figure S2. of The bifunctional autophagic flux by 2-deoxyglucose to control survival or growth of prostate cancer cells

Autophagic flux is differentially regulated by exposure time to 2DG. 2DG was administered to LNCaP cells, with CQ or alone, to confirm autophagic flux. (A) Protein levels of p62 and LC3B in 2DG-containing culture medium for the indicated time followed by CQ or no further treatment were observed with western blotting. (B) Autophagic flux calculated by the accumulated amount of LC3B with treatment of CQ for 2 h. Data are represented as the means ± SD. ***P < 0.001 for both culture conditions. (C) The changes in intracellular signaling pathway related autophagy regulation were verified for each condition. Phosphorylated level of mTOR was checked for whether the inhibitory signal of autophagy was induced. The AMPK signaling pathway was confirmed as an autophagy activating condition. (TIFF 3616 kb)