A study in multilateral diplomacy : the Madrid conference (1991), and after

The study is basically concerned with the multilateral diplomacies in the Middle East conflict in general and the Madrid Conference 1991 in particular. It focuses on the Madrid format i.e. the ceremony, the Bilateral tracks, and the Multilateral tracks. As for the ceremony, it addresses the impact of the Gulf War II on convening the Madrid Conference and James Baker's shuttle diplomacy. The Bilateral tracks illustrate the Israeli negotiation process with joint Jordanian-Palestinian, Syrian, and Lebanese delegations. The Multilateral tracks touch cross border issues, namely arms control, economic cooperation, water, refugees and environment. It also compares the multilateral diplomacies in the Middle East conflict with important examples of the same kind of diplomacy in the past, notably at Westphalia (1648), Vienna (1815), Versailles (1919) and San Francisco (1945).