<i>In Vitro</i>, <i>in Vivo,</i> and Spectroscopic Assessment
of Lead Exposure Reduction via Ingestion and Inhalation Pathways Using
Phosphate and Iron Amendments
Farzana Kastury
Euan Smith
Emmanuel Doelsch
Enzo Lombi
Martin Donnelley
Patricia L. Cmielewski
David W. Parsons
Kirk G. Scheckel
David Paterson
Martin D. de Jonge
Carina Herde
Albert L. Juhasz
10.1021/acs.est.9b02448.s001
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/_i_In_Vitro_i_i_in_Vivo_i_and_Spectroscopic_Assessment_of_Lead_Exposure_Reduction_via_Ingestion_and_Inhalation_Pathways_Using_Phosphate_and_Iron_Amendments/9588935
This
study compared lead (Pb) immobilization efficacies in mining/smelting
impacted soil using phosphate and iron amendments via ingestion and
inhalation pathways using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in
vivo</i> assays, in conjunction with investigating the dynamics
of dust particles in the lungs and gastro-intestinal tract via X-ray
fluorescence (XRF) microscopy. Phosphate amendments [phosphoric acid
(PA), hydroxyapatite, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), triple super phosphate
(TSP), and bone meal biochar] and hematite were applied at a molar
ratio of Pb:Fe/P = 1:5. Pb phosphate formation was investigated in
the soil/post-<i>in vitro</i> bioaccessibility (IVBA) residuals
and in mouse lung via extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)
and X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) spectroscopy, respectively.
EXAFS analysis revealed that anglesite was the dominant phase in the
ingestible (<250 μm) and inhalable (<10 μm) particle
fractions. Pb IVBA was significantly reduced (<i>p</i> <
0.05) by phosphate amendments in the <250 μm fraction (solubility
bioaccessibility research consortium assay) and by PA, MAP, and TSP
in the <10 μm fraction (inhalation–ingestion bioaccessibility
assay). A 21.1% reduction in Pb RBA (<250 μm fraction) and
56.4% reduction in blood Pb concentration (<10 μm fraction)
were observed via the ingestion and inhalation pathways, respectively.
XRF microscopy detected Pb in the stomach within 4 h, presumably via
mucociliary clearance.
2019-08-13 16:34:42
EXAFS
Lead Exposure Reduction
Pb
TSP
PA
bone meal biochar
XRF
RBA
fraction
inhalation pathways
solubility bioaccessibility research consortium assay
phosphate amendments
IVBA
XANES
X-ray absorption