Feng, Chunhong He, Kai Zhang, Chunyan Su, Song Li, Bo Li, Yuxiao Duan, Chun-Yan Chen, Shaokun Chen, Run Liu, Youping Li, Hong Wei, Mei Xia, Xianming Dai, Rongyang Expression of GRP78 and phosphorylated JNK in human CCA. <p>(A) GRP78 and phosphorylated JNK in human CCA were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. (B) Summary of experimental findings. In human CCA cells, the phosphorylation of eIF2α initiates ATF4 expression, which then induces GRP78 accumulation. GRP78 plays an important role in promoting human CCA cells proliferation and invasion. Suppression of mTOR inhibits eIF2α-induced ATF4 expression, which leads to a decrease in GRP78 levels. JNK blocking decreases GRP78 levels through inhibiting the activity of mTOR. Similarly, PI3K/Akt blocking decreases GRP78 levels through inhibiting the activity of mTOR.</p> biophysics;Protein folding;Molecular cell biology;Signal transduction;Signaling cascades;c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling cascade;Signaling in selected disciplines;Oncogenic signaling;Cellular stress responses;Gastroenterology and hepatology;Gastrointestinal cancers;oncology;Cancers and neoplasms;Gastrointestinal tumors;grp78;phosphorylated;jnk 2014-02-28
    https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/_Expression_of_GRP78_and_phosphorylated_JNK_in_human_CCA_/949294
10.1371/journal.pone.0090388.g008