Table_1_A Co-culture Model of PBMC and Stem Cell Derived Human Nasal Epithelium Reveals Rapid Activation of NK and Innate T Cells Upon Influenza A Virus Infection of the Nasal Epithelium.pdf Annika Luukkainen Kia Joo Puan Nurhashikin Yusof Bernett Lee Kai Sen Tan Jing Liu Yan Yan Sanna Toppila-Salmi Risto Renkonen Vincent T. Chow Olaf Rotzschke De Yun Wang 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02514.s006 https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_A_Co-culture_Model_of_PBMC_and_Stem_Cell_Derived_Human_Nasal_Epithelium_Reveals_Rapid_Activation_of_NK_and_Innate_T_Cells_Upon_Influenza_A_Virus_Infection_of_the_Nasal_Epithelium_pdf/7315583 <p>Background: We established an in vitro co-culture model involving H3N2-infection of human nasal epithelium with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to investigate their cross-talk during early H3N2 infection.</p><p>Methods: Nasal epithelium was differentiated from human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and cultured wtih fresh human PBMC. PBMC and supernatants were harvested after 24 and 48 h of co-culture with H3N2-infected nasal epithelium. We used flow cytometry and Luminex to characterize PBMC subpopulations, their activation and secretion of cytokine and chemokines.</p><p>Results: H3N2 infection of the nasal epithelium associated with significant increase in interferons (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-29), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, BDNF, IL-3) and viral-associated chemokines (IP-10, MCP-3, I-TAC, MIG), detectable already after 24 h. This translates into rapid activation of monocytes, NK-cells and innate T-cells (MAIT and γδ T cells), evident with CD38+ and/or CD69+ upregulation.</p><p>Conclusions: This system may contribute to in vitro mechanistic immunological studies bridging systemic models and possibly enable the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies.</p> 2018-11-08 16:59:39 influenza A virus peripheral blood mononuclear cells nasal epithelium co-culture innate T cells