Luukkainen, Annika Puan, Kia Joo Yusof, Nurhashikin Lee, Bernett Tan, Kai Sen Liu, Jing Yan, Yan Toppila-Salmi, Sanna Renkonen, Risto Chow, Vincent T. Rotzschke, Olaf Yun Wang, De Image_3_A Co-culture Model of PBMC and Stem Cell Derived Human Nasal Epithelium Reveals Rapid Activation of NK and Innate T Cells Upon Influenza A Virus Infection of the Nasal Epithelium.tiff <p>Background: We established an in vitro co-culture model involving H3N2-infection of human nasal epithelium with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to investigate their cross-talk during early H3N2 infection.</p><p>Methods: Nasal epithelium was differentiated from human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and cultured wtih fresh human PBMC. PBMC and supernatants were harvested after 24 and 48 h of co-culture with H3N2-infected nasal epithelium. We used flow cytometry and Luminex to characterize PBMC subpopulations, their activation and secretion of cytokine and chemokines.</p><p>Results: H3N2 infection of the nasal epithelium associated with significant increase in interferons (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-29), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, BDNF, IL-3) and viral-associated chemokines (IP-10, MCP-3, I-TAC, MIG), detectable already after 24 h. This translates into rapid activation of monocytes, NK-cells and innate T-cells (MAIT and γδ T cells), evident with CD38+ and/or CD69+ upregulation.</p><p>Conclusions: This system may contribute to in vitro mechanistic immunological studies bridging systemic models and possibly enable the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies.</p> influenza A virus;peripheral blood mononuclear cells;nasal epithelium;co-culture;innate T cells 2018-11-08
    https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_3_A_Co-culture_Model_of_PBMC_and_Stem_Cell_Derived_Human_Nasal_Epithelium_Reveals_Rapid_Activation_of_NK_and_Innate_T_Cells_Upon_Influenza_A_Virus_Infection_of_the_Nasal_Epithelium_tiff/7315574
10.3389/fimmu.2018.02514.s003