%0 Figure %A Luukkainen, Annika %A Puan, Kia Joo %A Yusof, Nurhashikin %A Lee, Bernett %A Tan, Kai Sen %A Liu, Jing %A Yan, Yan %A Toppila-Salmi, Sanna %A Renkonen, Risto %A Chow, Vincent T. %A Rotzschke, Olaf %A Yun Wang, De %D 2018 %T Image_3_A Co-culture Model of PBMC and Stem Cell Derived Human Nasal Epithelium Reveals Rapid Activation of NK and Innate T Cells Upon Influenza A Virus Infection of the Nasal Epithelium.tiff %U https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_3_A_Co-culture_Model_of_PBMC_and_Stem_Cell_Derived_Human_Nasal_Epithelium_Reveals_Rapid_Activation_of_NK_and_Innate_T_Cells_Upon_Influenza_A_Virus_Infection_of_the_Nasal_Epithelium_tiff/7315574 %R 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02514.s003 %2 https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/13515470 %K influenza A virus %K peripheral blood mononuclear cells %K nasal epithelium %K co-culture %K innate T cells %X

Background: We established an in vitro co-culture model involving H3N2-infection of human nasal epithelium with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to investigate their cross-talk during early H3N2 infection.

Methods: Nasal epithelium was differentiated from human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and cultured wtih fresh human PBMC. PBMC and supernatants were harvested after 24 and 48 h of co-culture with H3N2-infected nasal epithelium. We used flow cytometry and Luminex to characterize PBMC subpopulations, their activation and secretion of cytokine and chemokines.

Results: H3N2 infection of the nasal epithelium associated with significant increase in interferons (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-29), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, BDNF, IL-3) and viral-associated chemokines (IP-10, MCP-3, I-TAC, MIG), detectable already after 24 h. This translates into rapid activation of monocytes, NK-cells and innate T-cells (MAIT and γδ T cells), evident with CD38+ and/or CD69+ upregulation.

Conclusions: This system may contribute to in vitro mechanistic immunological studies bridging systemic models and possibly enable the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies.

%I Frontiers