Dataset for: Sex-specific responses in neuroanatomy of hatchling American kestrels in response to embryonic exposure to the flame retardants bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate or 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate Melanie Guigueno Natalie Karouna-Renier Paula F.P. Henry Lisa E Peters Vince Palace Robert Letcher Kimberly Fernie 10.6084/m9.figshare.6876389.v1 https://wiley.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Dataset_for_Sex-specific_responses_in_neuroanatomy_of_hatchling_American_kestrels_in_response_to_embryonic_exposure_to_the_flame_retardants_bis_2-ethylhexyl_-2_3_4_5-tetrabromophthalate_or_2-ethylhexyl-2_3_4_5-tetrabromobenzoate/6876389 Bis (2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), flame retardant (FR) components of FireMaster 550® and 600®, have been detected in tissues of wild birds. To address the paucity of information regarding potential impacts of FRs on the brain, brain volume regions of hatchling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were evaluated following in ovo injection at embryonic day (ED) 5 with safflower oil or to one of three doses of either BEH-TEBP (13, 64 or 116 µg/g egg) or EH-TBB (12, 60, or 149 µg/g egg). The low dose of both chemicals reflected concentrations reported in wild birds. The volumes of the hippocampus and telencephalon, and volumetric differences between left and right hemispheres, were measured in hatchlings (ED28). A sex-specific effect of BEH-TEBP on relative hippocampus volume was evident: the hippocampus was significantly enlarged in high dose females compared to control females, but smaller in low dose females than the other females. There was no significant effect of EH-TBB on hippocampus volume in female kestrel hatchlings, or of either chemical in male hatchlings, and no effects of these concentrations of EH-TBB or BEH-TEBP on telencephalon volume or the level of symmetry between the hemispheres of the brain. In sum, embryonic exposure of female kestrels to these BEH-TEBP concentrations altered hippocampus volume, having potential to affect spatial memory relating to ecologically-relevant behavior such as prey capture, predator avoidance, and migration. 2018-09-25 10:01:15 American kestrel FireMaster 550 hippocampus avian toxicity flame retardants neurotoxicity Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified Environmental Science Environmental Chemistry