10.6084/m9.figshare.6736931.v1 Ireland R. Ireland R. Schwarz B. Schwarz B. Nardone G. Nardone G. Wehrly T.D. Wehrly T.D. Broeckling C.D. Broeckling C.D. Chiramel A.I. Chiramel A.I. Best S.M. Best S.M. Bosio C.M. Bosio C.M. Supplementary Material for: Unique <b><i>Francisella</i></b> Phosphatidylethanolamine Acts as a Potent Anti-Inflammatory Lipid Karger Publishers 2018 Bacteria Phosphatidylethanolamine Inflammation Macrophage Dendritic cell 2018-07-03 14:21:59 Dataset https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_Unique_b_i_Francisella_i_b_Phosphatidylethanolamine_Acts_as_a_Potent_Anti-Inflammatory_Lipid/6736931 Virulent <i>Francisella tularensis</i> subsp. <i>tularensis</i> (Ftt) is a dynamic, intracellular, bacterial pathogen. Its ability to evade and rapidly suppress host inflammatory responses is considered a key element for its profound virulence. We previously established that Ftt lipids play a role in inhibiting inflammation, but we did not determine the lipid species mediating this process. Here, we show that a unique, abundant, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), present in <i>Francisella</i>, contributes to driving the suppression of inflammatory responses in human and mouse cells. Acyl chain lengths of this PE, C24: 0 and C10: 0, were key to the suppressive capabilities of <i>Francisella</i> PE. Addition of synthetic PE 24: 0–10: 0 resulted in the accumulation of PE in host cells for up to 24 h of incubation, and recapitulated the inhibition of inflammatory responses observed with native Ftt PE. Importantly, this novel PE significantly inhibited inflammatory responses driven by a medically and globally important flavivirus, dengue fever virus. Thus, targeting these lipids and/or the pathways that they manipulate represents a new strategy to combat immunosuppression engendered by Ftt, but they also show promise as a novel therapeutic intervention for significant viral infections.