%0 Figure %A Cervin, Jakob %A Wands, Amberlyn M. %A Casselbrant, Anna %A Wu, Han %A Krishnamurthy, Soumya %A Cvjetkovic, Aleksander %A Estelius, Johanna %A Dedic, Benjamin %A Sethi, Anirudh %A Wallom, Kerri-Lee %A Riise, Rebecca %A Bäckström, Malin %A Wallenius, Ville %A M. Platt, Frances %A Lebens, Michael %A Teneberg, Susann %A Fändriks, Lars %A Kohler, Jennifer J. %A Yrlid, Ulf %D 2018 %T GM1-deficient C6 cells are sensitized to CT by inhibition of sialylation or GSL biosynthesis. %U https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/GM1-deficient_C6_cells_are_sensitized_to_CT_by_inhibition_of_sialylation_or_GSL_biosynthesis_/5880805 %R 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006862.g007 %2 https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/10579057 %K jejunal epithelial cells %K intoxicates host cells %K binding cell surface receptors %K Le X %K detoxified enterotoxin-based adjuvants %K GM 1 %K Cholera toxin Cholera toxin %K fucosylated Lewis X %K GM 1-deficient C 6 rat glioma cells results %K block CT action %K protein %K Le X glycan %K glycosphingolipid %K flow cytometric analysis %K CTB binding correlates %K gm 1 ganglioside-independent intoxication %X

(A-E) C6 cells were cultured with the indicated inhibitors for 72 h followed by: (A) Staining was then performed with biotin-CTB, followed by DTAF-streptavidin. Fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry, represented here by MFI. (B) 1 h exposure to CT after which accumulated cAMP was measured by the cAMP-Glo™ luminescence assay. Luminescence signal is inversely proportional to cAMP levels. (C) As in panel A, but stained with biotin-PNA, followed by DTAF-streptavidin (D) Cell lysates were separated by PAGE and probed with biotin-PNA, biotin-CTB, or no biotinylated reagent, followed by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate and development with chemiluminescent substrate. Equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each lane and blots were probed with an anti-α-tubulin or anti-GAPDH antibody to confirm equivalent loading. (E) As in panel B, but brefeldin A (BFA) was added 1 h prior to CT addition and was also present during CT induction.

%I PLOS Pathogens