10.6084/m9.figshare.5840403.v1 Viola Grugni Viola Grugni Alessandro Raveane Alessandro Raveane Francesca Mattioli Francesca Mattioli Vincenza Battaglia Vincenza Battaglia Cinzia Sala Cinzia Sala Daniela Toniolo Daniela Toniolo Luca Ferretti Luca Ferretti Rita Gardella Rita Gardella Alessandro Achilli Alessandro Achilli Anna Olivieri Anna Olivieri Antonio Torroni Antonio Torroni Giuseppe Passarino Giuseppe Passarino Ornella Semino Ornella Semino Reconstructing the genetic history of Italians: new insights from a male (Y-chromosome) perspective Taylor & Francis Group 2018 Y-chromosome variation haplogroups genetic history of Italy Italian population 2018-01-31 05:06:04 Dataset https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Reconstructing_the_genetic_history_of_Italians_new_insights_from_a_male_Y-chromosome_perspective/5840403 <p><b>Background:</b> Due to its central and strategic position in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin, the Italian Peninsula played a pivotal role in the first peopling of the European continent and has been a crossroad of peoples and cultures since then.</p> <p><b>Aim:</b> This study aims to gain more information on the genetic structure of modern Italian populations and to shed light on the migration/expansion events that led to their formation.</p> <p><b>Subjects and methods:</b> High resolution Y-chromosome variation analysis in 817 unrelated males from 10 informative areas of Italy was performed. Haplogroup frequencies and microsatellite haplotypes were used, together with available data from the literature, to evaluate Mediterranean and European inputs and date their arrivals.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Fifty-three distinct Y-chromosome lineages were identified. Their distribution is in general agreement with geography, southern populations being more differentiated than northern ones.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> A complex genetic structure reflecting the multifaceted peopling pattern of the Peninsula emerged: southern populations show high similarity with those from the Middle East and Southern Balkans, while those from Northern Italy are close to populations of North-Western Europe and the Northern Balkans. Interestingly, the population of Volterra, an ancient town of Etruscan origin in Tuscany, displays a unique Y-chromosomal genetic structure.</p>