10.6084/m9.figshare.5809509.v1 Rebeca Zanini Rebeca Zanini Mário Josias Müller Mário Josias Müller Gilberto Cavalheiro Vieira Gilberto Cavalheiro Vieira Victor Hugo Valiati Victor Hugo Valiati Maríndia Deprá Maríndia Deprá Vera Lúcia da Silva Valente Vera Lúcia da Silva Valente <b>Combining morphology and molecular data to improve <i>Drosophila paulistorum</i> (Diptera, Drosophilidae) taxonomic status</b> Taylor & Francis Group 2018 divergence time estimation D. paulistorum morphology phylogeny subspecies total evidence willistoni subgroup 2018-01-22 13:18:49 Dataset https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/dataset/_b_Combining_morphology_and_molecular_data_to_improve_i_Drosophila_paulistorum_i_Diptera_Drosophilidae_taxonomic_status_b_/5809509 <p>The <i>willistoni</i> species subgroup has been the subject of several studies since the latter half of the past century and is considered a Neotropical model for evolutionary studies, given the many levels of reproductive isolation and different evolutionary stages occurring within them. Here we present for the first time a phylogenetic reconstruction combining morphological characters and molecular data obtained from 8 gene fragments (C<i>OI, COII, Cytb, Adh, Ddc, Hb, kl-3</i> and <i>per</i>). Some relationships were incongruent when comparing morphological and molecular data. Also, morphological data presented some unresolved polytomies, which could reflect the very recent divergence of the subgroup. The total evidence phylogenetic reconstruction presented well-supported relationships and summarized the results of all analyses. The diversification of the <i>willistoni</i> subgroup began about 7.3 Ma with the split of <i>D. insularis</i> while <i>D.paulistorum</i> complex has a much more recent diversification history, which began about 2.1 Ma and apparently has not completed the speciation process, since the average time to sister species separation is one million years, and some entities of the <i>D. paulistorum</i> complex diverge between 0.3 and 1 Ma. Based on the obtained data, we propose the categorization of the former “semispecies” of <i>D. paulistorum</i> as a subspecies and describe the subspecies <i>D. paulistorum amazonian</i>, <i>D. paulistorum andeanbrazilian, D. paulistorum centroamerican, D. paulistorum interior, D. paulistorum orinocan</i> and <i>D. paulistorum transitional.</i></p>