Evolution of the cloacal and genital musculature, and the genitalia morphology in liolemid lizards (Iguania: Liolaemidae) with remarks on their phylogenetic bearing. Supplementary Material
Matías Quipildor
Virginia Abdala
Roy Santa Cruz Farfán
Fernando Lobo
10.6084/m9.figshare.5783364.v1
https://brill.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Evolution_of_the_cloacal_and_genital_musculature_and_the_genitalia_morphology_in_liolemid_lizards_Iguania_Liolaemidae_with_remarks_on_their_phylogenetic_bearing_Supplementary_Material/5783364
<p>In this study, we describe the intra- and interspecific anatomical
variations of cloacal and related muscles of male and female genitalia in
species of five iguanian genera (three liolemid: <i>Ctenoblepharys</i>, <i>Liolaemus</i>,
and <i>Phymaturus </i>plus <i>Diplolaemus leopardinus </i>and <i>Tropidurus
melanopleurus </i>as outgroups). We found variations (seventeen characters) in
topology, origin and insertion areas, tendon morphology and size of the
musculature of this region. We also describe the variations of hemipeneal
morphology, which is especially notable for the hemipenis of <i>C. adspersa</i>,
<i>D. leopardinus</i>, and <i>T. melanopleurus</i>, as this is first time they
are described in the literature. Among the most significant findings are the
identification of three new muscles, two of them inserted on the roof of the
cloacal chamber (anterior and posterior cloacal retractor) and the third
inserted superficially in the floor of the cloaca, just before anterior to the
precloacal glands row (superficialis cloacalis retractor). We report sexual
dimorphism in seven muscle characters. Musculature related to hemiclitoris is
reduced in proportion to its size in comparison to the degree of development of
male genitalia and associated musculature. The evolution of characters was
traced on the known phylogenetic hypotheses of relationships among families. Characters
taken from the cloacal/genital myology bring similar support to the liolaemid
tree even rooting the analysis using different outgroups. In addition, a
phylogenetic study using only myological characters was performed. In this
case, <i>C. adspersa </i>was found to be more related to <i>Liolaemus </i>species
instead of being basal to <i>Liolaemus </i>plus <i>Phymaturus</i>.</p>
2018-01-12 15:33:56
cloacal
hemiclitoris
hemipene
muscle
Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology
Evolutionary Biology
Vertebrate Biology
Zoology