Supplementary Material for: Informant-Reported Cognitive Decline and Activity Engagement across Four Years in a Community Sample
Hosking D.E.
Jiang D.
Sargent-Cox K.A.
Anstey K.J.
10.6084/m9.figshare.5091973.v1
https://karger.figshare.com/articles/figure/Supplementary_Material_for_Informant-Reported_Cognitive_Decline_and_Activity_Engagement_across_Four_Years_in_a_Community_Sample/5091973
<p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Subtle age-related cognitive decline may be
associated with the capacity to remain engaged in mental, physical, and
social activities. Informant reports of cognitive decline potentially
provide additional information to psychometric tests on change in
everyday cognitive function relevant to activity engagement. <b><i>Objective:</i></b>
To investigate relations between decline in everyday cognitive function
as assessed by informant report and activity engagement in
community-dwelling older adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A sample of cognitively normal older adults was drawn from the 2 latest waves of the PATH Through Life Study (<i>n</i>
= 1,391; mean age 74.5 ± 1.5, 48.4% female). PATH is a 16-year
longitudinal cohort study set in the Canberra/Queanbeyan district,
Australia. Assessments were carried out at baseline, and at 3 subsequent
time-points 4 years apart. At wave-4, the IQCODE, an informant measure
of 4-year cognitive decline was provided by a spouse, family member, or
friend of each participant. Activity engagement was assessed by the
abbreviated RIASEC Mental Activity List, self-reported frequency and
duration of physical activity (Whitehall Questionnaire) and the Lubben
Social Network Scale that assessed interaction with family/friends.
Participants provided demographic information, self-reported health
status (SF-12), and responses to the Goldberg Depression Scale. The
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and California Verbal Learning Test
(CVLT) were used to measure objective 4-year cognitive change. Those
with MMSE score of ≤27 were excluded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> IQCODE
score predicted disengagement from mental activities over 4 years in
cognitively healthy adults (β = -0.056, standard error [SE] = 0.019, <i>p</i>
= 0.004). This association was robust to covariate control and change
on the SDMT which was also significantly related to mental activity
disengagement. In models adjusted for change scores on the SDMT and the
CVLT, the IQCODE was associated with less physical (β = -0.692, SE =
0.24, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and social engagement (β -0.046, SE = 0.021, <i>p</i> = 0.032), but relationships were attenuated with the inclusion of covariates. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b>
Informant-reported cognitive decline in a non-clinical sample was
linked to activities that support cognitive health. Associations were
robust to adjustment for cognitive change scores. Utilising informant
reports prior to the manifestation of clinically relevant decline may
identify those who would benefit most from personalised activity
interventions.</p>
2017-06-08 11:40:10
Informant reports
Cognitive decline
Lifestyle activities
Engagement