10.6084/m9.figshare.4910621.v1
Niemegeers P.
Niemegeers
P.
De Boer P.
De Boer P.
Dumont G.J.H.
Dumont
G.J.H.
Van Den Eede F.
Van Den Eede F.
Fransen E.
Fransen
E.
Claes S.J.
Claes
S.J.
Morrens M.
Morrens
M.
Sabbe B.G.C.
Sabbe
B.G.C.
Supplementary Material for: Differential Effects of Inflammatory and Psychosocial Stress on Mood, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, and Inflammation in Remitted Depression
Karger Publishers
2017
Depression
Recurrent depression
Psychosocial stress
Inflammation
Typhoid vaccine
Trier Social Stress Test
Vulnerability
2017-04-26 14:56:45
Journal contribution
https://karger.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplementary_Material_for_Differential_Effects_of_Inflammatory_and_Psychosocial_Stress_on_Mood_Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal_Axis_and_Inflammation_in_Remitted_Depression/4910621
<p><b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Major depressive disorder (MDD) is
highly recurrent. This may be due to increased stress sensitivity after
remission. Both inflammatory and psychosocial stressors are implicated
in the pathogenesis of MDD, but the additive or differential effect is
unclear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a single-blind
placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of inflammatory
stress (i.e., typhoid vaccination), psychosocial stress (i.e., Trier
Social Stress Test [TSST]), or a combination of both in women (25-45
years old) with (partially) remitted recurrent MDD (<i>n</i> = 21) and healthy female controls (<i>n</i>
= 18). We evaluated the effect on mood measured by the Profile of Mood
States, markers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
activity, and inflammatory system activation. The study was performed
during 2 testing days, separated by a washout of 7-14 days. In a
crossover design, subjects received one of the interventions on one day
and placebo on the other. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A lowering of mood was seen in patients (β [95% CI] = -4.79 [-6.82 to -2.75], <i>p</i>
< 0.001) only after vaccination, but not after the TSST or the
combination; this effect was not observed in controls. Controls
experienced a significantly different response on adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) after vaccination, with a general rise in ACTH not
observed in patients. In both groups, the TSST activated the HPA axis
and suppressed the inflammatory parameters. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b>
There is a differential effect of inflammatory and psychosocial stress
on mood and HPA axis activation in patients with remitted recurrent MDD.
This may be an interesting treatment target in MDD.</p>