Antibiotic
Resistance Genes and Correlations with
Microbial Community and Metal Resistance Genes in Full-Scale Biogas
Reactors As Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis
Gang Luo
Bing Li
Li-Guan Li
Tong Zhang
Irini Angelidaki
10.1021/acs.est.6b05100.s001
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Antibiotic_Resistance_Genes_and_Correlations_with_Microbial_Community_and_Metal_Resistance_Genes_in_Full-Scale_Biogas_Reactors_As_Revealed_by_Metagenomic_Analysis/4758235
Digested
residues from biogas plants are often used as biofertilizers
for agricultural crops cultivation. The antibiotic resistance genes
(ARGs) in digested residues pose a high risk to public health due
to their potential spread to the disease-causing microorganisms and
thus reduce the susceptibility of disease-causing microorganisms to
antibiotics in medical treatment. A high-throughput sequencing (HTS)-based
metagenomic approach was used in the present study to investigate
the variations of ARGs in full-scale biogas reactors and the correlations
of ARGs with microbial communities and metal resistance genes (MRGs).
The total abundance of ARGs in all the samples varied from 7 ×
10<sup>–3</sup> to 1.08 × 10<sup>–1</sup> copy
of ARG/copy of 16S-rRNA gene, and the samples obtained from thermophilic
biogas reactors had a lower total abundance of ARGs, indicating the
superiority of thermophilic anaerobic digestion for ARGs removal.
ARGs in all the samples were composed of 175 ARG subtypes; however,
only 7 ARG subtypes were shared by all the samples. Principal component
analysis and canonical correspondence analysis clustered the samples
into three groups (samples from manure-based mesophilic reactors,
manure-based thermophilic reactors, and sludge-based mesophilic reactors),
and substrate, temperature, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) as
well as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were identified as crucial environmental
variables affecting the ARGs compositions. Procrustes analysis revealed
microbial community composition was the determinant of ARGs composition
in biogas reactors, and there was also a significant correlation between
ARGs composition and MRGs composition. Network analysis further revealed
the co-occurrence of ARGs with specific microorganisms and MRGs.
2017-03-08 00:00:00
VFA
16 S-rRNA gene
manure-based mesophilic reactors
HRT
MRG
ARGs composition
Antibiotic Resistance Genes
7 ARG subtypes
HTS
Full-Scale Biogas Reactors
Principal component analysis
Metal Resistance Genes
sample
metal resistance genes
disease-causing microorganisms
antibiotic resistance genes
manure-based thermophilic reactors
175 ARG subtypes
thermophilic biogas reactors
biogas reactors
canonical correspondence analysis
Metagenomic Analysis Digested residues