Central position of the human histo (blood) group O(H) and phenotype-determining enzymes in growth and infectious disease.
Peter Arend
10.6084/m9.figshare.4714618.v304
https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Central_immunological_position_of_the_human_histo_blood_group_O_H_/4714618
<h2><p>The human ABO(H) blood group phenotypes arise from the evolutionarily
oldest genetic system found in primate populations, but they originated in
critical molecular complementarity with distinct eukaryotic and prokaryotic
pathogens, while the development of non-O(H) phenotypes is associated with impaired
formation of adaptive and innate immunoglobulin specificities due to clonal
selection and phenotype formation in plasma proteins. Indeed, compared with
individuals with blood group O(H), blood group A individuals not only have a
significantly higher risk of developing certain types of cancer but also
exhibit high susceptibility to malaria tropica or infection by <i>Plasmodium
falciparum</i>. Thus, the phenotype-determining blood group A
glycotransferase(s), affecting the levels of anti-A/Tn cross-reactive immunoglobulins
in phenotypic glycosidic accommodation, might also mediate adhesion and entry
of the parasite to host cells via trans-species<i> O</i>-GalNAc
glycosylation of abundantly expressed serine residues, arising throughout the
parasite's life cycle, while excluding the possibility of antibody formation
against the resulting hybrid antigen. In contrast, human blood group O(H), lacking
this enzyme and providing the molecular mechanism of protecting human
reproduction, is indicated to confer a survival advantage regarding the overall
risk of developing cancer, and individuals with this blood group rarely develop
life-threatening infections involving evolutionarily selective malaria strains.</p>
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2017-11-28 13:15:06
Aberrant expression
Cancer