10.1371/journal.pone.0016803.g001
Huaqiu Zhang
Huaqiu
Zhang
H. James Cao
H.
James Cao
Harold K. Kimelberg
Harold
K. Kimelberg
Min Zhou
Min
Zhou
Expression of VRAC currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices.
Public Library of Science
2013
vrac
currents
ca1
pyramidal
neurons
hippocampal
2013-02-20 20:33:04
Figure
https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/_Expression_of_VRAC_currents_in_CA1_pyramidal_neurons_in_hippocampal_slices_/468637
<p><b>A</b>, Shows a hypoosmotic medium -activated -chloride conductance (HAC) from a pyramidal neuron. After initial recording in the isoosmotic medium (iso, dashed line) as control, the perfusion was switched to the hypoosmotic medium (hypo, −50 mOsm) for 60 min. The neuronal Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> channel conductances were pharmacologically inhibited (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016803#s2" target="_blank">Methods</a>). The cell was held at −40 mV in the resting condition, and a pair of alternate voltage pulses at ±40 mV was delivered to the cell every 15 second. Each test pulse in the pair was 1 second long and was separated from each other by 300 ms at −40 mV resting voltage (see the shadowed inset in <b>A</b> for protocol). Because each series of paired alternate pulses was delivered every 15 s, the time scale bar shown under <b>A</b> includes all the unrecorded time periods, or the duration of alternate pulses induced currents are not proportional to the applied time scale. A progressive increase of chloride conductance was recorded over a 60 min of hypo exposure. <b>B</b>. A whole-cell chloride conductance recording with 30 min of hypo exposure. The HAC slowly inactivated after switching the perfusion to the iso. In the same recording, a voltage step protocol was delivered to the cell at the times indicated as “<b>a</b>”, “<b>b</b>” and “<b>c</b>” that represent the chloride currents at control, HAC and recovery, respectively. The I-V curves in <b>C</b> were at times of “a” and “b” and constructed by plotting the steady-state currents against the applied voltages, ranging from −100 mV to +100 mV in a 20 mV increments (see shadowed inset in <b>B</b>). In all the I-V curves in <b>C</b>, the chloride conductance was outwardly rectifying and reversed at around −40 mV.</p>