10.6084/m9.figshare.4635601.v1
Tekampe J.
Tekampe
J.
van Middendorp H.
van Middendorp H.
Meeuwis S.H.
Meeuwis
S.H.
van Leusden J.W.R.
van Leusden J.W.R.
Pacheco-López G.
Pacheco-López
G.
Hermus A.R.M.M.
Hermus
A.R.M.M.
Evers A.W.M.
Evers
A.W.M.
Supplementary Material for: Conditioning Immune and Endocrine Parameters in Humans: A Systematic Review
Karger Publishers
2017
Pharmacological conditioning
Associative learning
Placebo effect
Placebo
Endocrine system
Immune system
Allergy
2017-02-09 15:11:06
Journal contribution
https://karger.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplementary_Material_for_Conditioning_Immune_and_Endocrine_Parameters_in_Humans_A_Systematic_Review/4635601
<p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Conditioned pharmacological effects may
provide relevant clinical opportunities to improve treatment for
patients with a variety of conditions. The aim of this systematic review
was to create an overview of studies in this field of research and to
investigate whether specific characteristics of the study design make
for successful conditioning. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The protocol of this
review was registered in Prospero (PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015024148). A
systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed,
Embase, and PsychInfo. Studies were included if they were
placebo-controlled trials in humans in which the effects of a
pharmacological agent on immune or endocrine outcomes (e.g.,
interleukin-2 and cortisol) were conditioned, using a specific
conditioned stimulus. The risk of bias of each study was assessed using
the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The final
selection included 16 studies. Overall, those studies indicate that
conditioning of immunosuppression, conditioning of allergic responses,
and conditioning of insulin and glycemic responses is possible.
Regarding immunostimulants, antiallergic effects, and cortisol
conditioning, the preliminary results are promising, but additional
studies are needed. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This systematic review
shows classical conditioning of immune and endocrine responses for
various pharmaceutical substances. The studies reviewed here indicate
that the number of acquisition and evocation sessions, and
characteristics of the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli, are
important determinants of the effectiveness of pharmacological
conditioning on immune and endocrine parameters. In the future,
conditioned pharmacological effects may be used clinically as adjunct
therapy in various patient populations.</p>