10.6084/m9.figshare.4579210.v2 Qian Cong Qian Cong Jinhui Shen Jinhui Shen Dominika Borek Dominika Borek Robert K. Robbins Robert K. Robbins Paul A. Opler Paul A. Opler Zbyszek Otwinowski Zbyszek Otwinowski Nick V. Grishin Nick V. Grishin Calycopis_supplemental_table_S1 from When COI barcodes deceive: complete genomes reveal introgression in hairstreaks The Royal Society 2017 Lepidoptera blues and hairstreaks speciation comparative genomics phylogeny taxonomy 2017-02-07 09:30:15 Dataset https://rs.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Calycopis_supplemental_table_S1_from_When_COI_barcodes_deceive_complete_genomes_reveal_introgression_in_hairstreaks/4579210 Two species of hairstreak butterflies from the genus <i>Calycopis</i> are known in the United States: <i>C. cecrops</i> and <i>C. isobeon</i>. Analysis of mitochondrial COI barcodes of <i>Calycopis</i> revealed <i>cecrops</i>-like specimens from the eastern US with atypical barcodes that were 2.6% different from either USA species, but similar to Central American <i>Calycopis</i> species. To address the possibility that the specimens with atypical barcodes represent an undescribed cryptic species, we sequenced complete genomes of 27 <i>Calycopis</i> specimens of four species: <i>C. cecrops</i>, <i>C. isobeon</i>, <i>C. quintana</i> and <i>C. bactra</i>. Some of these specimens were collected up to 60 years ago and preserved dry in museum collections, but nonetheless produced genomes as complete as fresh samples. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed using the whole mitochondrial and nuclear genomes were incongruent. While USA <i>Calycopis</i> with atypical barcodes grouped with Central American species <i>C. quintana</i> by mitochondria, nuclear genome trees placed them within typical USA <i>C. cecrops</i> in agreement with morphology, suggesting mitochondrial introgression. Nuclear genomes also show introgression, especially between <i>C. cecrops</i> and <i>C. isobeon</i>. About 2.3% of each <i>C. cecrops</i> genome has probably (<i>p</i>-value < 0.01, FDR < 0.1) introgressed from <i>C. isobeon</i> and about 3.4% of each <i>C. isobeon</i> genome may have come from <i>C. cecrops.</i> The introgressed regions are enriched in genes encoding transmembrane proteins, mitochondria-targeting proteins and components of the larval cuticle. This study provides the first example of mitochondrial introgression in Lepidoptera supported by complete genome sequencing. Our results caution about relying solely on COI barcodes and mitochondrial DNA for species identification or discovery.