10.6084/m9.figshare.4569982.v1 Guillaume Chomicki Guillaume Chomicki Milan Janda Milan Janda Susanne S. Renner Susanne S. Renner Table S2 from The assembly of ant-farmed gardens: mutualism specialization via host broadening The Royal Society 2017 ants plants farming mutualism ant-gardens evolution ecology 2017-01-20 11:47:57 Journal contribution https://rs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Table_S2_from_The_assembly_of_ant-farmed_gardens_mutualism_specialization_via_host_broadening/4569982 Ant-gardens (AGs) are ant/plant mutualisms in which ants farm epiphytes in return for nest space and food rewards. They occur in the Neotropics and Australasia, but not in Africa, and their evolutionary assembly remains unclear. We here use phylogenetic frameworks for important AG lineages in Australasia, namely the ant genus <i>Philidris</i> and domatium-bearing ferns (<i>Lecanopteris</i>) and flowering plants in the Apocynaceae (<i>Hoya</i> and <i>Dischidia</i>) and Rubiaceae (<i>Myrmecodia</i>, <i>Hydnophytum</i>, <i>Anthorrhiza</i>, <i>Myrmephytum</i> and <i>Squamellaria</i>) to trace AG assembly in time and space. Our analyses revealed that in these clades, diaspore dispersal by ants evolved at least 13 times, five times in the Late Miocene and Pliocene in Australasia and seven times during the Pliocene in Southeast Asia, after <i>Philidris</i> ants had arrived there, with subsequent dispersal between these two areas. A uniquely specialized AG system evolved in Fiji at the onset of the Quaternary. The farming of other epiphytes that do not offer nest spaces in the same AGs suggests that a broadening of the ants' plant host spectrum drove the evolution of additional domatium-bearing AG-epiphytes by selecting on pre-adapted morphological traits. Consistent with this, we found a statistical correlation between the evolution of diaspore dispersal by ants and domatia in all three lineages. Our study highlights how host broadening by a symbiont has led to new farming mutualisms.