Simulating maar–diatreme volcanic systems in bench-scale experiments
R. G. Andrews
J. D. L. White
T. Dürig
B. Zimanowski
10.6084/m9.figshare.3454139.v1
https://geolsoc.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Simulating_maar_diatreme_volcanic_systems_in_bench-scale_experiments/3454139
<p>Maar–diatreme eruptions are incompletely understood, and explanations for the processes involved in them have been debated
for decades. This study extends bench-scale analogue experiments previously conducted on maar–diatreme systems and attempts
to scale the results up to both field-scale experimentation and natural volcanic systems to produce a reconstructive toolkit
for maar volcanoes. These experimental runs produced via multiple mechanisms complex deposits that match many features seen
in natural maar–diatreme deposits. The runs include deeper single blasts, series of descending discrete blasts, and series
of ascending blasts. Debris-jet inception and diatreme formation are indicated by this study to involve multiple types of
granular fountains within diatreme deposits produced under varying initial conditions. It is not possible to infer the energies
of single blasts in multiple-blast series from the final deposits. The depositional record of blast sequences can be ascertained
from the proportion of fallback sedimentation versus maar ejecta rim material, the final crater size and the degree of overturning
or slumping of accessory strata. Quantitatively, deeper blasts involve a roughly equal partitioning of energy into crater
excavation energy versus mass movement of juvenile material, whereas shallower blasts expend a much greater proportion of
energy in crater excavation.
</p>
2016-06-21 11:55:44
fallback sedimentation
mass movement
blast sequences
series
depositional record
crater size
accessory strata
reconstructive toolkit
diatreme formation
diatreme deposits
maar volcanoes
crater excavation
crater excavation energy
maar ejecta rim material
Geology