10.1021/acsnano.6b01626.s001
Jun Ming
Jun
Ming
Mengliu Li
Mengliu
Li
Pushpendra Kumar
Pushpendra
Kumar
Lain-Jong Li
Lain-Jong
Li
Multilayer Approach for Advanced
Hybrid Lithium Battery
American Chemical Society
2016
energy device applications
1675 mA g
Advanced Hybrid Lithium Battery
cathode
electrode
capacity
Li 4 Ti 5 O 12
1866 mAh g
voltage platforms
1 C
alternative battery system
electron microscope analysis
2016-06-06 00:00:00
Journal contribution
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Multilayer_Approach_for_Advanced_Hybrid_Lithium_Battery/3426158
Conventional
intercalated rechargeable batteries have shown their
capacity limit, and the development of an alternative battery system
with higher capacity is strongly needed for sustainable electrical
vehicles and hand-held devices. Herein, we introduce a feasible and
scalable multilayer approach to fabricate a promising hybrid lithium
battery with superior capacity and multivoltage plateaus. A sulfur-rich
electrode (90 wt % S) is covered by a dual layer of graphite/Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, where the active materials S
and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> can both take part
in redox reactions and thus deliver a high capacity of 572 mAh g<sub>cathode</sub><sup>–1</sup> (<i>vs</i> the total
mass of electrode) or 1866 mAh g<sub>s</sub><sup>–1</sup> (<i>vs</i> the mass of sulfur) at 0.1C (with the definition of 1C
= 1675 mA g<sub>s</sub><sup>–1</sup>). The battery shows unique
voltage platforms at 2.35 and 2.1 V, contributed from S, and 1.55
V from Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. A high rate capability
of 566 mAh g<sub>cathode</sub><sup>–1</sup> at 0.25C and 376
mAh g<sub>cathode</sub><sup>–1</sup> at 1C with durable cycle
ability over 100 cycles can be achieved. Operando Raman and electron
microscope analysis confirm that the graphite/Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> layer slows the dissolution/migration of polysulfides,
thereby giving rise to a higher sulfur utilization and a slower capacity
decay. This advanced hybrid battery with a multilayer concept for
marrying different voltage plateaus from various electrode materials
opens a way of providing tunable capacity and multiple voltage platforms
for energy device applications.