10.6084/m9.figshare.3159649.v1
Angela Ivask
Angela
Ivask
Katre Juganson
Katre
Juganson
Olesja Bondarenko
Olesja
Bondarenko
Monika Mortimer
Monika
Mortimer
Villem Aruoja
Villem
Aruoja
Kaja Kasemets
Kaja
Kasemets
Irina Blinova
Irina
Blinova
Margit Heinlaan
Margit
Heinlaan
Vera Slaveykova
Vera
Slaveykova
Anne Kahru
Anne
Kahru
Mechanisms of toxic action of Ag, ZnO and CuO nanoparticles to selected ecotoxicological test organisms and mammalian cells <i>in vitro</i>: A comparative review
Taylor & Francis Group
2016
ecotoxicological test organisms
CuO nanoparticles
review
mechanism
NP
Ag
ZnO
nanomaterial
toxicity
2016-04-06 20:07:33
Journal contribution
https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Mechanisms_of_toxic_action_of_Ag_ZnO_and_CuO_nanoparticles_to_selected_ecotoxicological_test_organisms_and_mammalian_cells_i_in_vitro_i_A_comparative_review/3159649
<p>Silver, ZnO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used as biocides. There is however increasing evidence of their threat to “non-target” organisms. In such a context, the understanding of the toxicity mechanisms is crucial for both the design of more efficient nano-antimicrobials, i.e. for “toxic by design” and at the same time for the design of nanomaterials that are biologically and/or environmentally benign throughout their life-cycle (safe by design). This review provides a comprehensive and critical literature overview on Ag, ZnO and CuO NPs’ toxicity mechanisms on the basis of various environmentally relevant test species and mammalian cells <i>in vitro</i>. In addition, factors modifying the toxic effect of nanoparticles, e.g. impact of the test media, are discussed. Literature analysis revealed three major phenomena driving the toxicity of these nanoparticles: (i) dissolution of nanoparticles, (ii) organism-dependent cellular uptake of NPs and (iii) induction of oxidative stress and consequent cellular damages. The emerging information on quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling of nanomaterials’ toxic effects and the challenges of extrapolation of laboratory results to the environment are also addressed.</p>