10.1021/jp073147m.s002 Hui Tong Hui Tong Yuning Hong Yuning Hong Yongqiang Dong Yongqiang Dong Matthias Häussler Matthias Häussler Zhen Li Zhen Li Jacky W. Y. Lam Jacky W. Y. Lam Yuping Dong Yuping Dong Herman H.-Y. Sung Herman H.-Y. Sung Ian D. Williams Ian D. Williams Ben Zhong Tang Ben Zhong Tang Protein Detection and Quantitation by Tetraphenylethene-Based Fluorescent Probes with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics American Chemical Society 2007 protein detection salt 3 fluorescence properties AIE effect solution state BSA Protein Detection bi TPE molecules intramolecular rotations model protein novel process dye molecules serum albumin 2007-10-11 00:00:00 Journal contribution https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Protein_Detection_and_Quantitation_by_Tetraphenylethene_Based_Fluorescent_Probes_with_Aggregation_Induced_Emission_Characteristics/2981296 Three functionalized derivatives of tetraphenylethylene (TPE), namely, 1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylethene (<b>1</b>), 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylethene (<b>2</b>), and 1,2-bis[4-(3-sulfonatopropoxyl)phenyl]-1,2-diphenylethene sodium salt (<b>3</b>), were synthesized and their fluorescence properties were investigated. All the TPE molecules are nonluminescent in the solution state but are induced to emit efficiently by aggregate formation. This novel process of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is rationalized to be caused by the restriction of intramolecular rotations of the dye molecules in the aggregate state. The possibility of utilizing the AIE effect for protein detection and quantification is explored using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein, with salt <b>3</b> being found to perform as a stable, sensitive, and selective bioprobe.